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2008广东高考英语答案,2008年广东高考卷

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简介1.2008高考英语必会词汇精讲系列-A08年高考英语阅读长难句解析 1.Their study found that theobromine,found in cocoa,was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine,which was considered the best cough medicine a

1.2008高考英语必会词汇精讲系列-A

2008广东高考英语答案,2008年广东高考卷

08年高考英语阅读长难句解析

1.Their study found that theobromine,found in cocoa,was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine,which was considered the best cough medicine at present.

The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment,“while coughing is not necessarily harmful(有害的) it can have a major effect on the quality of life and” this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem,” said Professor Peter Barnes.

(NMET2008全国 ll D篇)

译文:目前,可卡因是最佳的止咳药物,可是他们的研究发现在可可粉中包含的可可碱,其疗效又比可卡因几乎高三分之一。在因特网上公布了他们的研究成果的伦敦皇家大学的研究员们说道:这种发现可能有助于找到更有效的治咳方式。彼得?巴恩斯教授说道:“这种发现可能在治咳史上向前迈了一大步”。

简析:第一个句子中有一个宾语从句,宾语从句中有一过去分词短语found in cocoa作定语,还有一个非限制性定语从句;第二个句子中有一个定语从句。

实例: 53.According to Professor Barnes,theobromine______.

A.cannot be as effective as codeine

B.can be harmful to people’s health

C.cannot be separated from chocolate

D.can be a more effective cure for coughs

2.Much of the energy that comes from the Sun never reaches the Earth’s surface.It is either reflected or absorbed by the gases in the upper atmosphere.Of the energy that reaches the lower atmosphere,30% is reflected by clouds or the Earth’s surface.The remaining 70% warms the surface of the planet.(NMET 2008 江苏卷B篇)

简析:句子中含有两个定语从句,这是解题的关键。 either ...or连结的是并列结构。

译文:来自太阳的大部分能量都不会到达地球的表面,这种能量或者被上层大气中的气体反射或吸收。在到达低层大气的能量中,有30%的能量被云层或地球的表面所反射,剩下的70%使地球的表面温暖。

实例: 60.Only a small part of the Sun’s energy reaches the Earth’s surface because most of it is______.

A.absorbed by the clouds in the lower atmosphere

B.reflected by the gases in the upper atmosphere

C.lost in the upper and lower atmosphere

D.used to evaporate water from the oceans and lakes

3.The response to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Environment (Kids F.A.C.E.) in 1989.There are now 300,000 members of Kids FACE worldwide and is the world’s largest youth environmental organization.

(NMET 2008 山东卷D篇)

简析:第一句中夹杂有一个结果状语从句,又有复杂主语。主语的中心语为The response,其后的to her request for help为后置定语,第二句是由and并列的两个简单句,其中第二句中承前省略了主语kids FACE。

译文:人们对她请求帮助的反应如此强烈以至于波建立了一个为了更洁净环境的孩子的组织。现在这个组织在全世界有300,000名成员,并且它是世界上最大的青少年环保组织。

实例:72.Kids F.A.C.E is______.

A.a program to help students with writing

B.a project of litter recycling

C.a campaign launched by President Bush

D.a club of environmental protection

73.What can we learn about Poe?

A.She was awarded a prize in Brazil.

B.She donated billboard across the country.

C.She got positive responses for her efforts

D.She joined the National Park Service.

4.One of the reasons that made it cool for him not to care was the power of his peer(同龄人) group.(NMET 2008 辽宁卷C篇)

简析:夹杂定语从句和形式宾语结构。

译文:对他来说,不关心自己的学习是一种酷的标志的原因之一是受到他的同龄人的影响。

实例: 64.Why did Tom give up studying?

A.He disliked his teachers.

B.His parents no longer supported him.

C.It’s cool for boys of his age not to care about studies.

D.There were too many subjects in his secondary school.

5.The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people’s lives.Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple.Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people,ending in the shopper giving up and walking away,or just buying an unsuitable item(商品) that is not really wanted.(NMET 2008重庆卷E篇)

简析:句子中夹杂着固定短语,v-ing式作主语,复杂主语,v-ing式作结果状语以及定语从句。

译文:无穷尽的选择给人们的生活带来了无尽的烦恼。买像咖啡壶这样最基本的东西也不是那么简单了。对许多人而言,面对触手可及的一系列的日常用品却感到眼花了乱、不知所措,结果是购物者只好放弃选择、匆匆而去,或者仅仅买了一件并非真正需要的不合适的商品。

实例:73.Why do more choices of goods give rise to anxiety?

A.Professionals find it hard to decide on a suitable product.

B.People are likely to find themselves overcome by business persuasion.

C.Shoppers may find themselves lost in the broad range of items.

D.Companies and advertisers are often misleading about the range of choice.

6.As the only girl in a family of seven children,she often felt like she had “seven fathers,” because her six brothers,as well as her father,tried to control her.Feeling shy and unimportant,she retreated(躲避) into books.Despite her love of reading,she did not do well in elementary school because she was too shy to participate.(NMET 2008天津卷A篇)

简析:第一句主干结构为she felt like ...because ...,句首内容为状语,because从句中有一个插入成份。第二句中v-ing作状语表原因。第三句主干结构为:she didn’t ...because ...。

译文:作为家庭七个孩子中唯一的女孩,她常常有一种感觉,就是她拥有“七个父亲”,原因是她的六个兄弟和她的父亲都想控制她。由于羞怯和觉得无地位的缘故,她总是埋头苦读。尽管她酷爱读书,可是在小学她的成绩不佳,因为她太害羞而不能积极地参与。

实例:36.Which of the following is TRUE about Cisneros in her childhood?

A.She had seven brothers.

B.She felt herself a nobody.

C.She was too shy to go to school.

D.She did not have any good teachers.

7.They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness.Or,in summer,they may think it is the heat.However,the real reason lies inside their bodies.At that time —about eight hours after you wake up—your body temperature goes down.This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy.

(NMET 2008 四川卷C篇)

简析:句中夹杂两个宾语从句,一个时间状语从句和一个what引导的表语从句。

译文:他们可能认为吃午饭是他们困乏的原因。或者在夏天,他们可能认为是炎热的缘故。然而,真正的原因在于他们身体的内部。在那时,也就是说,在你醒来大约八个小时之后,你的体温开始呈下降的趋势。这就是使你行动迟缓并且感到困乏的原因。

实例:44.Why do people feel sleepy in the early afternoon according to the text?

A.They eat too much for lunch.

B.They sleep too little at night.

C.Their body temperature becomes lower.

D.The weather becomes a lot warmer.

8.These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills,while more women speech skills.It may all go back to our ancestors(祖先),among whom women needed speech skills to take care of their babies and men needed spatial skills to hunt,according to one research.(NMET 2008陕西卷E篇)

简析:第一句中包含一个that引导的同位语从句,在其中又有一个that引导的定语从句,还有一介词 + 关系代词(among whom)引导的定语从句。注意more women之后省去了与前半句中相同的take up jobs that require ...。

译文:大脑这些差异也解释了这样的事实:更多的男性从事空间技能的工作,而更多的女性则从事需要语言技能的工作。这种现象也可以追溯到我们的祖先时代,据一项研究表明,在他们当中,女性做的是照看孩子这样的需要语言技能的工作,男性做的是像狩猎这样的需要空间技能的工作。

实例:59.Which of the following do you agree with according to the fourth paragraph?

A.Young boys may be stronger than young girls.

B.More women take up jobs requiring speech skills

C.Women may have stronger feelings than men.

D.Our ancestors needed more spatial skills.

9.In those days,IP rights were easily protected since it was very difficult to obtain intellectual property without paying for it.However,a lot of IP,including songs,films,books and artwork,can be downloaded today free of charge using the Internet.(NMET2008江西卷D篇)

简析:句中有since引导的原因状语从句,v-ing式作定语(including ...)和状语(without paying .../using the Internet)。

译文:在那个时代,知识产权很容易受到保护,因为不付费想得到知识产权是很困难的。然而,现在许多知识产权包括歌曲、**、书籍和艺术品通过使用因特网都可以免费下载。

实例: 69.What do we know about the Internet according to the passage?

A.It makes IP rights harder to protect.

B.It sells songs and films.

C.It does not affect the way we understand IP rights.

D.It prevents the production of artwork.

70.According to paragraph 2,what has “taken the world by storm”?

A.Intellectual property rights.

B.The Internet.

C.Free downloading.

D.The large number of songs,films and books.

10.The busier we are,the more important we seem to ourselves and,we imagine,to others.To be unavailable to our friends and family,and to be unable to find time to relax—this has become the model of a successful life.(NMET 2008湖北卷D篇)

简析:句中有“The + 比较级,the + 比较级”的结构,还有复杂的不定式结构。

译文:我们越忙,对我们自己而言,而且我们也以为在其他人看来,我们越重要。我们无空帮助朋友,找不到时间照顾家庭,找不到自己放松的时间,这已经成为了成功生活的模式。

实例:74.According to Paragraph 4,a successful person is one who is believed to ____ .

A.be able to work without stress

B.be more talented than other people

C.be more important than anyone else

D.be busy working without time to rest

11.The researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account those people most at risk for skin cancer—people with fair skin and freckles(雀斑),for example—are more likely to use sunscreen.As a result,it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.(NMET 2008福建卷E篇)

简析:第一句的主体结构为:The research said that ...is that they failed to ...,其中第一个that引导一个宾语从句,宾语从句中又含有一个倒装结构,其中主语为that they often ...的一个主语从句,表语为among the problems with ...。破折号间内容为插入语。

译文:研究员们说,早期研究带来的问题之一是他们没有考虑到那些最有可能患皮肤癌人,比如皮肤白皙和有雀斑的人。可是皮肤白皙的和有雀斑的人最有可能使用防晒剂,结果是好像防晒剂的使用者患皮肤癌更常见。

实例:73.People with fair skin and freckles______.

A.seldom use sunscreen

B.are more in danger of skin cancer

C.can be free from the harm of the sun

D.often expose themselves to the sun

12.Yocum and Bell,who have just completed an art gallery for the city,feel that the experience from decoration of their building,focusing on the inside rather than the outside,has influenced their work.It has also given these architects a chance to show how they can make more out of less.(NMET 2008湖南卷B篇)

简析:该句中有一个who引导的定语从句,两个宾语从句(分别由that及how引导),v-ing式作定语。第一句的主体结构为:Yocum and Bell feel that the experience has influenced their work。

译文:刚刚为这座城市建成艺术画廊的约克姆和贝尔,确切感受到装饰他们自己的房子中获得的经验,也就是说,把装饰的注意力放在房子的里面而不是外面对他们的工作产生了影响。同时这使这两位建筑师有了一次机会去展示他们是如何以较少的钱做更多的事。

实例:63.It can be inferred from the passage that Yocum and Bell______.

A.benefited a lot from pulling down the roof

B.turned more old buildings into art galleries

C.got inspiration from decorating their old building

D.paid more attention to the outside of the gallery

2008高考英语必会词汇精讲系列-A

2008年高考英语全国卷II试题分析

作者:贵州省瓮安中学 石世学

 2008年全国高考已经结束,就今年全国高考英语不含听力卷试题设计及试题整体所体现的典型特色,我们就此作一个剖析及归纳。

 就试题总体而言,全国卷II的英语试题体现出难易梯度搭配适度,试题结构科学,考查范围涵盖面广。下面我们来看看考查的具体情况:

 一、语音知识

 语音知识的五小题中,分别按照这样的规律来设计试题:a)元音+辅音字母组合一个小题;考查our组合:course A. journey B. four C. labour D. hour。b)元音字母读音一个小题:具体考查了字母a的读音:match A. separate B. marry C. machine D. many; c)辅音字母读音一个小题,具体考查了s的读音:rise A. purse B. else C. praise D. mouse ; d)辅音+辅音字母组合。具体考查了th组合读音: bathe A. faith B. cloth C. maths D. smooth ; e)元音+元音字母组合。具体考查了ai字母组合读音: Britain A. certain B. train C. against D. contain。

 从试题设计规律不难看出:5个小题中全部涵盖:1、元音字母读音;2、辅音字母读音;3、元音+辅音字母读音组合;4、元音+元音字母读音组合;5、辅音+辅音字母读音组合。

 最近几年高考试题设计思路均是围绕了这样一个原则,而今年这道大题,又是整体涵盖比较完善和科学的。在选词方面,注重了基础词汇和辨音较为明显的词汇。所以,总体易于辨析出答案:1、B;2、B;3、C;4、D;5、A。

 二、语法和词汇知识

 语法及词汇知识考查方面,各小题分别考查到如下的要点:

 1、交际用语:在第6和第10小题中体现,考查到:(第6小题):I’m afraid not (恐怕不知道呢!),该答案B的判断要根据整个对话的后面句:I don’t know any Anna, either;还考查到(第10小题):go ahead (行的,问吧!)答案选B。

 2、连词类辨析:在第7小题和第13小题分别对:once, because, if 及unless;but, till, and及or等词作出在具体语境中的辨析。今年考查的这两道小题设计的语境难度适中,还是易于分辨的。来看看具体的试题:第7题:A small car is big enough for a family of three ________ you need more space for baggage. A. once B. because C. if D. unless.根据语境表达的含义:除非你需要更多放行李的空间,(要不然)一辆小车对于一个三口之家来说,足够了。不难辨别答案D:unless。第13题:Stand over there _______ you’ll be able to see the oil painting better. A. but B. till C. and D. or。根据设计的语境:站到那边去,你就会更清楚的看到那副油画的。选并列的连词and表示顺承,所以答案C。

 3、冠词:在第8小题考查,来看这个高考原题:It’s not _______ good idea to drive for fours without ______ break. 设置的这两空都要填不定冠词a, 其原因是idea和break (休息)都是可数名词,在这里冠词a还表示了概念。故而答案选择A。可以看出,考生对前面一空问题解决有把握,但是如果对break (休息)一词掌握不牢的话,解决这个问题就有些困惑了。但是考生如果能知识迁移:take a break (休息一会),这个冠词也能够迎刃而解的。

 4. 短语辨析:在第9小题及第12小题出现了对turn及pick构成的短语的考查,第9小题更偏向于短语辨析考查,而第12小题则偏向于在结合短语的基础上考查非谓语动词。这两道试题涉及的短语有:turn off (关掉),turn around (转身),turn over (翻页,随便看看),turn up (出现)以及pick up(捡起,拾起)。

 5. 虚拟语气:考查虚拟语气,在这几年的高考试题来看,不常出现,所以涉及到虚拟考查,这属于难度偏大的一道试题。这里通过前面的语境及谓语结构(这是解答虚拟语气试题的关键):If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic.这个条件句明显的谓语都是展示了时间的过去,及过去时间段上的虚拟。故而在 But it ______ all day的空里,可以判断答案rained.

 6. 情态动词:情态动词由于属于英语学习的难点和热点,全国各地高考年年必考,今年的全国卷II也不例外,本套试题把情态动词设置在第17小题:Lisa ______ well not want to go on the trip----she hates traveling. A. will B. can C. must D. may。考查了may 表推测的语言功能。

 7. 动词时态:动词时态也是英语的热点。今年考查了一般将来时(will+V),来看本试卷第14小题设置的语境:If their marketing plans succeed, they ________ their sales by 20 percent. A. will increase B. have been increasing C. have increased D. would be increasing. 该题选项:A. will increase.语境比较单纯,易于判断出时态。

 8. 从句引导词问题:今年,该试卷设计了定语从句稍微偏难一些的非限制性定语从句的引导词which(指代前边整句话的内容)来考查。这个考点具体分布在第16小题。来看试题:The road condition there turned out to be very good, ________ was more than we could expect. A. it B. what C. which D. that。答案选择which,which在这里引导一个非限制性定语从句。整句话逻辑意思不难得出:“那里的这条道路证明是非常不错,这,超出我们的想像的。

 9. 动词词义辨析:在第18小题中,设计了:collect(收集),contain(容纳),load(承载),以及save(节省)四个动词进行辨析。这需要考生具备比较准确的理解词义的能力。

 10. 介词或副词(短语)辨析:在第15小题和第19小题均考查了对介词的辨析。其中比较有意思的是:在口语中like=like about。所以,第15题考查了介词about和like搭配的口语使用。19小题中,考查了at least(至少)这个状语固定短语。

 11. 强调句型:这个考点分布在该大题的最后一道。考查了强调句型It is +被强调部分+that+句子剩余部分。所以该小题解答,对大多数考生来说,比较得心应手,得分率较高。

 以上全部是08年这套试卷的语言考查项目的汇总。可以看出,就这道大题来说,设计的语境,结合的语言点都比较科学合理。其试题的难易也有区分度,有利于成梯度考查不同档次的考生。

三、完形填空

 可以说,近几年来的全国高考英语试卷中,都精心选取了一篇富有思想性和教育意义的的材料作为完形填空试题,可以说,优秀的材料展现给考生不仅仅是它的能力测试性,更注重了思想寓意的渗透。

 今年在选材上,同样选取了生活之中一件极其普通的琐事:母亲(即本文的作者)不厌其烦的年复一年的为孩子们上学包午餐,随同午餐盒,这位母亲总坚持给孩子写上简单的一张便条,便条上都是些丁点儿鼓励的话语关于即将到来的考试啊运动比赛啊,还有一个特殊时刻的感激啊等等都写上两句。就这样,这位母亲从孩子一开始上小学到高中毕业都一直坚持这样做。文中特意还刻画了儿子Marc大学毕业后想回家而打电话给母亲的事情。文章没有一个love字眼,但是却让人从内心震撼:天底下的母亲在生活小事上处处传递的伟大的爱!作者用朴实的文字,描述了比天还大,比海还深的亲情和母爱!

 如果考生能吃透作者的写作意图,透过这个角度进行语言的思维,这篇看似比较复杂难懂的文章就会容易多了。就语言特色来讲,它也考查了这些语言点:动词,形容词及副词,名词,动词短语,介词短语及非谓语等等。当然,完形填空试题还有一个重要的侧枝功能,就是上下文逻辑的理解考查,在这篇测试中,也综合考查到了。本测试更多的偏重到了逻辑选词,所以,多数考生在对全文理解不透的情况下,往往感受到了该题偏难。

 四、阅读理解

 如果说完形填空的材料在选材上注重了家庭成员间体现出来的亲情的话,那么阅读试题A篇则围绕“爱”而透过另外一个侧面―――师生间的关爱和感恩而精心挑选了易于为大多数考生理解的文字材料作为阅读第一篇的测试。A篇阅读体裁为叙事性文体,通过第三人称的角度讲述一位女教师Mrs. Thompson和她的学生Teddy之间一件让她观念和教学方法都彻底改变的事情的描叙,再次在试卷中体现了高考测试也同时是思想教育和情感培养的种有效方式。

 文中渲染了一件让女教师Mrs. Thompson彻底感动的事件:失去母亲而同时失去母爱的小男孩Teddy一天把他妈妈以前的香水作为圣诞礼物送给Mrs. Thompson时,还说道“Mrs. Thompson,today, you smell just like my Mom used to.”就是这样一句童真无邪的话,透露出小孩子失去母亲的孤单。这句让她心灵震撼的话语刺激了她的泪水,也同时彻底改变了她对小孩子的成见和彻底让她认识了自己的职业:由教“书”转变为教“孩子”。她的关注也让小孩Teddy彻底发生了改变:慢慢变成了好学生……一直到大学乃至成为医学博士。对老师的感恩之心也一直延续下来。

 阅读B篇则主要通过对事实的研究,论证了人的口音变化的事实。而C篇,则揭露了一个社会问题――商人们对顾客的误导。D篇选材于医学的某一方面的研究――对巧克力中theobromine(可可碱)独特的治疗咳嗽的功效的对比研究,该篇属于科普性读物。而E篇阅读则是一篇广告体的形式也测试考生们的有目的性阅读的能力。

 从五篇阅读测试题综合看来,文字材料和试题设置方面均普遍感觉难度中,甚至还低于前几年的难度,试题普遍的得分率会高于往几年。

五、补全对话

 今年的情景设置上注重交际口语的逻辑性,所以在设计上,我们可以看出上下句之间逻辑性很强,基本上的上下句都有承前启后的关键词,所以抓住这些关键词选取对应的句子就容易多了。比如:第82小题:What can you do there? 在接下来的答句则出现了:…..you can go for long walks……再比如第84小题:……What a good place to stay in! 接下来的句子就马上:No, you can’t stay on the island……

 所以,这道交际对话试题,在整套试题中相对容易,学生解答得也较为轻松。得分率普遍高。

六、单词拼写

 可以说,这道大题难易交叉搭配,比如,认出(recognize),二月(February),翻译(translate),游泳(swimming),邻居(neighbors)及相反(opposite)这些词复现率高,属于容易的单词。但是对于:听写,三明治这些词,则会出现模糊的现象。

 但十个单词的选择上,均兼顾到高频词,常用词和基础词汇。也结合了具体的语境句来考查。

 七、短文改错

 今年的短文改错较好的融合了时政题:北京奥运这个题材来设计。考查了学生运用基础知识的灵活度。较为全面考查考生的逻辑理解能力和基础语言掌握能力。逻辑方面比如:第84题;基础方面比如:第76,78,81及85小题。

八、书面表达

 今年(2008)这篇高考卷(不含听力)书面表达试题,难度设计稳定在最近三年来的平均水平内。从体现的试题普遍性方面,这套试卷的书面表达选取了近年来高考试卷较为普遍的书信体裁这种实用文体。体现了 “稳定”的高考测试原则。从写作题材及内容上看,这也是考生们平时训练中比较熟悉的。它没有过多追求 “偏”与“奇”。

 但是,从书信的针对性来说,这可是最近几年来的新突破―――由以前话题“对英文学习方法咨询”变成了对“中文学习方法的咨询”。

 可以说,试题设计体现了“时代性”原则:由以前习惯的对英文学习的建议转向于对中文学习的建议。可以说,这套试卷的书面表达看似与考生们平时所见的没有两样,但,它蕴含着时代性的突出特色,紧跟时代,集中展现了当今世界对中文学习的关注及热情。其实,从另外一个侧面体现了高考试题也会展现它在国家发展和世界主流趋向方面的作用。

 来看今年的书面表达试题原文:

 假如你叫李华,你的英国朋友Peter给你写信来咨询怎样提高中文水平。请你根据以下提供的要点,写一封回信:

 1、参加中文学习班;

 2、多看中文书刊、收看中文电视;

 3、听中文歌

 4、交中国朋友

 要求:1、100字左右;

 2、为使行文连贯,你可以适当增加一些内容;

 3、信的开头和结尾已经给出。

 Dear Peter,

 I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.

 _____________________________________________________________

 ____________________________________________________________

 ____________________________________________________________

 ____________________________________________________________

 Yours truly,

 Li Hua

考生在写作中,注意思路不要受到以前训练的固有模式,即:对英文学习方法的建议的干扰,我们已经问卷,发现有学生粗心大意,按照以前的训练思维写成了“英语学习的方法建议信”。其二、考生需要在信中有机的整合试题提供的四点信息:1)、to take a Chinese course; 2)、read more Chinese newspapers and magazines and watch more Chinese TV programmes; 3)、to learn and sing Chinese songs; 4)、make more Chinese friends;

 考生在行文的整体性上,要合理使用到一些连接词或短语或结构,比如:you’d better…; I think…; I suggest that….; first/ at first/first of all…; secondly; then; as a matter of fact…; generally speaking; I wish…/I hope…etc.

 来看提供的范文:

 Dear Peter,

 I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.

 Here are a few suggestions. First, it is important to take a Chinese course, as you’ll be able to learn from the teachers and practice with your fellow students. Then, it also helps to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible.

 Besides, it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you’ll learn and remember Chinese words more easily. You can make more Chinese friends. They will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.

 Try and write me in Chinese next time.

 Best wishes,

 Li Hua

 总体试卷看来,今年(2008年)的全国高考英语II(不含听力卷)的布局合理,难易适度。利于考生的语言能力的发挥。没有出现偏题和怪题。融入了情感教育信息,涵盖面较为广泛。也能突出语言技能的灵活运用。是一套结构合理和科学的高考试卷。

a

1. above all 表示“最重要的是;尤其”的意思。

例如:the local government faces many tough problems, and above all, pollution problem.当地政府面临许多问题,但首当其冲的是污染问题。

a capable candidate should be outstanding in many ways, and above all, confidence.一个称职的竞选者应在许多方面表现突出,但最重要的是自信心。

2. according to。according to是一个短语介词,意思是“按照或根据”。

例如:he will be punished according to the seriousness of his crime.他所受的惩罚要根据其犯罪的严重程度而定。

i will take the medicine according to the instruction.我会按说明来服药的。

我们又常常会碰到"according as"这一短语,那么这两者又有何联系呢?according as 是短语从属连词,后接从句。作“根据……而”或 “视……而定”解。例如:you will be praised or blamed according as your work is well done or not.根据你的工作表现好坏,将给予奖励或惩罚 。

3. account for这个词的意思比较多,归纳起来,有以下用法:

1). 解释,说明。例如:she was unable to account for '5000.她无法解释那5000美元的去处 。

2). 是……产生的原因,解释为什么有(某种情况)。例如:the police tried to account for the blood spot.警察试图解释这血迹是怎么来的。

3). 占。例如: students account for 50% of our customers. 在我们的顾客中,学生占了一半。

the tuition accounts for two thirds of his income. 学费占了他三分之一的收入。

4. act out 表示表演出来比划着(用手势及语言表演或表达)”的意思。

例如:the children were told to act out their favorite story.孩子们被要求表演他们最喜爱的故事。

the football fan is trying to act out the match he saw on tv.这个足球迷正试图连比带划地把他在电视上看到的比赛讲出来。

 

 说到表演,则使人想起一个与之意思相关的另一个词组,也是高中阶段常用的词组之一,那就是"act as",意思是充当,担任,扮演……的角色。例如:she acted as a princess in the short play.她在这部短剧中扮演公主。many college students act as guides during their summer vacation.许多大学生在暑假里担任导游。

5. add to add to中的add是不及物动词,to为介词,一起构成及物动词词组,表示增加,增添的意思。

例如:they also raise fish and poultry, thus adding to the total income.他们还养鱼,饲养家禽以增加收入。

her son's death added to the old lady's sadness.这位老妇人因儿子之死而更加悲伤。

 注意区别它与add…to以及add up to 的不同含义。add…to的意思是把……加到……上去。例如:would you please add a few notes to the article?请您给这篇文章加几条注释好吗?而add up to的意思是加起来等于,总计达。其中,add是不及物动词,up是副词,to是介词,一起构成及物动词词组。例如:the various building programs add up to several thousand new homes.各种各样的建筑项目构筑成了几千座新屋.the total figures add up to 270.总数加起来是270。

6. adventure与venture

 这两个词都有冒险的意思,都可用作名词和动词。那么它们之间究竟有何不同呢?adventure多用于褒义场合,指危险中非常激动人心的经历。

例如:he talked about his adventure in the desert.他讲述了他在沙漠中的一些冒险经历。

 venture主要用于商业上的冒险和投机活动,特别指那些不是一下子发迹就是输得精光的投机活动。作动词时,还可表示冒昧,敢于的意思。

例如;one lucky venture in australia made his name overnight.在澳洲一次幸运的投机使他一夜成名。

i venture to say that by the year 2500 there will be men living on the moon.我敢说,到公元2500年会有人在月球上居住。

7. afford 高中课文中出现的与此单词组成的词组是afford sb. sth.,表示提供某人某物。

例如:those efforts afforded us useful experience.这些努力使我们得到了一些有益的经验。these activities afforded him great pleasure in his old age.这些活动给他的晚年带来了很大的乐趣。

 在很多场合,afford表示有经济条件做某事。

例如:before liberation many people could not afford to send their children to school.解放前很多人由于付不起学费而不能送孩子上学。

in those days we were too poor to afford medical treatment.那时候我们太穷,治不起病。

8. agree to表示同意某一建议,安排等,意思接近consent to。

例如:we agreed to their suggestion.我们同意了他们的建议。

under no circumstances can we agree to such a principle.在任何情况下我们都不会同意这一原则。

 注意:在agree后接不同介词,词义会有所不同,如:agree with,表示同意某人的意见,我们可以说:i quite agree with him.我完全同意他的意见。又如: agree on或agree upon,它表示在某一点上取得或具有相同意见,可以说:they finally agreed upon the terms of the contract.他们最后就合同的条文达成了协议。i don't agree with you on many things.在许多问题上我同你的意见有分歧。

9. aim at提到"aim at"这个词组,便会使人想到"aim for"这一词组,两者都表示目的是,旨在的意思,但也存在一些细微的区别。aim at 是动介型短语动词,其后可接名词,代词或动名词。它除了表示目的是,旨在的意思外,还有瞄准之意。

例如:he aimed at the lion and fired but missed it.他对准狮子开枪,但没有击中。

he picked up a stone and aimed it at the dog.他捡起一块石头朝狗扔去。

又如:we are aiming at a 50% increase in production.我们打算使产量增长百分之五十。

10. allow. allow 既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词(多用于及物动词),它主要有三种意义:

1)(1). 允许;许可(1) 跟名词,动名词或代词。

例如:we cannot allow such a thing.对这样的事我们不能袖手旁观。

(2) 跟名(代)词+不定式。

例如:please allow me to congratulate you on your success.请允许我祝贺你的成功。

(3) 跟名词(代词)+副词

the doorman allowed us in one by one.看门人让我们一个一个地进去。

2). 给予; 让……有how much money does your father allow you for books?你父亲给你多少钱买书?

they allowed us twenty minutes for lunch.他们给我们二十分钟的时间吃午饭。

3). 承认(1) 跟名词或代词the judge allowed the claim.法官同意了这一要求.

(2) 跟从句the officer allowed that it was an american tank.那军官承认这是一辆美国制造的坦克。

(3) 跟带不定式的复合结构you must allow yourself to be in the wrong.你必需认错。

 表示允许的词很多,比如: permit,let,admit等。下面我们来看一看它们之间的差别。allow指“听凭”,“不禁止”,含有消极的意味。例如:my parents do not allow me to go out at night.我父母不允许我晚上出去。permit指正式地“允许”或根据法律规定“许可”, 比allow来得积极。例如:smoking is not permitted in the cinema.**院内禁止吸烟。试比较:hunting is allowed in this area, though not officially permitted.这个地区是可以狩猎的,尽管法律上不允许。而let表示“允许”、“让”,指不予以阻止或反对,它比allow更具有口语色彩。

11. answer for "answer for" 与 "answer to" 是两个比较容易混淆的词组。这两个词都是动介型短语动词,介词后接名词或代词作宾语。answer for是“对……负责”、“因……(错误)而负责”的意思。

例如:do you think parents should have to answer for their children's behavior?你是否认为父母应对子女的行为负责?

you will have to answer for your wrongdoing one day.终有一天会你会为你的错误行动付出代价。

而"answer to"是“适应,符合”和“与……一致”等意思。

that answers precisely to our need.这正好符合我们的需要。

this is the answer to the question.这就是问题的答案。

12. a number of表示数量短语,意思是“若干,许多,大量”,其后一般接复数可数名词。

例如:a number of scholars have done the experiment.许多学者已做了这项实验。

a number of new products have been trial-produced.许多新品已试制出来了。

 注意区别它与the number of的不同用法。the number of是一名词短语,意为“……的数目”。复数的形式为the numbers of。 作主语时,谓语动词应随the number的单复数变化。例如:the number of students is increasing.学生人数正在不断增加。the numbers of the machine parts are not available.这些机器零件的号码找不到了。

13. apply for. apply for是一个大家都很熟悉的词语,意思是“申请,请求”。

例如:i want to apply for the position.我想申请这个职位。

 如果把这个词组中的for改为to,那么又是什么含义呢? “apply to”可以表示“敷上,涂上”。

例如:apply some medicine to his wound.在他的伤口上敷一些药。它还可用来表示“努力,专心”,相当于 “devote…to”。

例如:he applied himself to the research.他很卖力地做此项研究。

14. ask for表示“请求得到,请求见到”或“需要”等意。

例如:if you get into difficulties, don't hesitate to ask for advice.你要是碰到困难,要赶紧向人请教。

they all asked for the job.他们都要求做这项工作。

a young man was here earlier, asking for mary.一位年轻人刚刚来过这里,说要见玛丽。

the matter asks for immediate attention.这件事需要立即处理。

 ask是一个使用频率较高的字,在高中阶段,ask after 与ask about 也是常常容易弄错的词组。请注意它们的区别。这两个词组都表示“问候,问起”的意思。但在意义上稍有不同。ask after 一般只指对第三者的问候,ask about则既可代替ask after 指对第三者的问候,也可用来表示对对方的直接问候。例如:he asked after your health. 他向你问候。he asked about me when i met him yesterday.我昨天碰到他时,他问起我的情况。

15. at all与after all这两个是介词短语,都在句中作状语,起加强语气的作用,但其用法和意义是有区别的。前者常用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中。用于否定句时,表示“根本”;用于条件句时,译为“当真,实在”。

例如:i didn't understand him at all. 当时,我根本不明白他的意思。

if you want to keep your job at all, do it well.若你要保住这份工作,就得好好做。

 after all常常用来表示“毕竟,终究”的意思。

don't blame him, he is a little boy after all.别责备他了,他毕竟还是个孩子。

so you see i am right after all.你看,终究还是我对。

16. at a time作“一次,每次”讲,常用于“数词+at a time”的结构中。

例如:enter two at a time.每次进来两人。

he checked them off one at a time as they came in.他们进来时,他一个一个地核对。

注意它与at one time 的区别。at one time一般指“过去某一时期,曾一度(once)”或“同时”的意思。如表示“同时”,则两者可通用。例如:at one time i used to like her, but not any more.我曾一度很喜欢他,现在可不喜欢了。

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