高考冠词的用法,高考冠词用法

1.求教高考单选中冠词的使用， 急！！！

《高中英语语法-冠词之差 意义有别》由liuxue86.com我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。

冠词之差 意义有别

英语中有不少词组，从形式看好象只有冠词之差，而实际上却是意义完全不同的新词组。现采撷数例，以引起读者的注意：

1. in front of 在（外）的前面

in the front of 在（内）的前面

There?s a garden in front of the classroom.

There?s a blackboard in the front of the classroom.

2. in charge of 掌管；负责

in the charge of 在负责之下

An experienced worker is in charge of the project.

The project is in the charge of an experienced worker.

3. at table 在用饭；吃饭时

at the table 在桌旁

He seldom talks at table.

They sat at the table, talking and laughing.

4. by day 白天；日间

by the day 按日计

He works in an office by day.

Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day.

5. take place 发生；举行

take the place 代替；接替

When did this conversation take place?

Electric train has now taken the place of steam trains in England.

6. in words 用言语

in a word 总之

Please express your thought in words.

In a word, I don?t trust you.

7. at times 有时；不时

at a time 一次

I do feel a little nervous at times.

Pass me the bricks two at a time.

8. little 少；不多的

a little 一些；一点点

Hurry up, there?s little time left.

Don?t hurry, you still have a little time.

9. few 很少；几乎没有的

a few 有些；几个

He is a man of few words.

Only a few of the children can read.

10.a most interesting 非常有趣的

the most interesting 最有趣的（形容词的最高级）

This is a most interesting story.

This is the most interesting story of the three.

11.a doctor and nurse 一位医生兼护士

a doctor and a nurse 一位医生和一位护士

A doctor and nurse is standing there.

A doctor and a nurse are standing there.

12.A number of 许多；好些

the number of ?（的）数目

A number of students are in the classroom.

The number of students in the classroom is forty. 《高中英语语法-冠词之差 意义有别》由liuxue86.com我整理

求教高考单选中冠词的使用， 急！！！

识在于积累、学习在于思考

1

2015

年高考英语语法单选超级归纳

一、冠词

冠词分为不定冠词（

a, an

）

，定冠词（

the

）

，和零冠词。

I.

不定冠词的用法

1

指一类人或事，相当于

a kind of

A plane is a machine that can fly.

2

第一次提及某人某物，非特指

A boy is waiting for you.

有个男孩在等你。

3

表示“每一”相当于

every

one

We study eight hours a day.

4

表示“相同”相当于

the same

We are nearly of an age.

5

用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或

事

—

Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?

—

Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here.

A.

不填

B. a

C. the

D. one

That boy is rather a Lei Feng.

（活雷锋）

6

用于固定词组中

a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time

7

用于

quite, rather, many, half, what, such

之后

This room is rather a big one.

8

用于

so(as, too, how)+

形容词之后

She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.

9

用于抽象名词具体化的名词前

success(

抽象名词

)

→

a success(

具体化

)

成功的人或事

a failure

失败的人或事

a shame

带来耻辱的人或事

a pity

可惜或遗憾的事

a must

必需必备的事

a good knowledge of

精通掌握某一方面的知识

II.

定冠词的用法

1

表示某一类人或物

In

many

places

in

China,

___

bicycle

is

still

___

popular

means

of

transportation.

A. a; the

B. /; a

C. the; a

D. the; the

2

用于世上独一无二的事物名词前

the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean

3

表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事

Would you mind opening the door?

4

用于演奏乐器

play the violin, play the guitar

5

用于形容词和分词前表示一类人

the reach, the living, the wounded

6

表示“一家人”或“夫妇”

（对比上文的不定冠词用法

5

）

—

Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please?

—

Sorry, we don’t have ____ Johnson here in the village.

A. the; the

B. the; a

C. /; the

D. the; /

7

用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前

He is the taller of the two children.

8

用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前

the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French

9

用于表示发明物的单数名词前

The compass was invented in China.

10

在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代

in the 1990’s

(

二十世纪九十年代

)

11

用于表示度量单位的名词前

I hired the car by the hour.

12

用于方位名词，身体部位名词

He patted me on the shoulder.

III.

不用冠词（又名零冠词）的用法

1

专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前

Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air

2

名词前有

this, my, whose, some, no, each, every

等限制

I want this book, not that one. /

Whose purse is this?

3

季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前

March, Sunday, National Day, spring

4

表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前

Lincoln was made President of America.

5

表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前

He likes playing football/chess.

6

与

by

连用表示交通方式的名词前

We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving

across ______ continent.

A. the; the

B.

不填；

the

C. the;

不填

D.

不填；不填

7

以

and

连接的两个相对的名词并用时

husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night

知识在于积累、学习在于思考

2

8

表示泛指的复数名词前

Horses are useful animals.

二、

名词和主谓一致

I.

名词的种类

专有名词

普通名词

国名地名人名，团体机构名称

可数名词

不可数名词

个体名词

集体名词

抽象名词

物质名词

特别注意名词类别的相互转换

个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换

例

句

意

义

名词性质

①

She held some flowers in her hand.

②

The trees are now in flower

花儿

个体名词

开花

抽象名词

①

Youth is beautiful.

②

He is a youth of twenty

青春

抽象名词

年轻人

个体名词

①

They have achieved remarkable success in their work.

②

—

How about the Christmas evening party?

—

I should say it was a success.

成功

抽象名词

成功的事

个体名词

物质名词与个体名词的相互转换

例

句

意

义

名词性质

①

Iron is a kind of metal.

②

Please lend me your iron.

铁

物质名词

熨斗

个体名词

①

He broke a piece of glass.

②

He broke a glass.

玻璃

物质名词

玻璃杯

个体名词

①

I bought a chicken this morning

②

Please help yourself to some chicken

小鸡

个体名词

鸡肉

物质名词

抽象名词与个体名词的转换

具有动作意义的抽象名词加用

与某些动词（如：

have

等）连

用，表示某一次短暂的动作

①—

I’d like______information about the management of your hotel,please.

—

Well, you could have____word with the manager. He might be helpful

A.some,a

B.an,some

C.some,some

D.an,a

②

They sent us

word of the latest happenings.

消息

（抽象名词）

A.a

B.an

C./

D.the

③

Could we have

word before you go to the meeting?

话（个体名词）

A.a

B.an

C./

D.the

类例：

have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a look

take a walk/a bath

make an advance(

进步

)/make an early start(

早点出发

)

/make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain(

发出痛苦的叫声

) /give a try

表示知识和时间的抽象名词转

换为普通名词时可以用来表示

其中的一部分

①

Many people agree that___knowledge of English is a must in____international trade today.

A.a,

/

B.the, an

C.the, the

D. /, the

a knowledge of truth(

知道实际情况

)

give a fuller knowledge of China(

提供关于中国更为翔实的知识

)

have a knowledge of shorthand(

有速记的知识

)

②

If there were no examination, we should have______at school.

A.the happiest time

B.a more happier time

C.much happiest time

D.a much happier time

③

is money.

A.The time

B.A time

C.Time

D.Times

抽象名词转换为普通名词可用

来表示“一次、一阵、一种”

具体的行为、事件、现象或结

果。这时名词前往往有形容词

修饰

①

Oh, John. _____you gave me!

A.How a pleasant surprise

B.How pleasant surprise

C.What a pleasant surprise

D. What pleasant surprise

②

She looked up

when I shouted.

A.in a surprise

B.in the surprise

C.in surprise

D.in some surprise

其它例子：

The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some unpleasant surprise

③

It is_____work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.

A.so unusual

B. such unusual

C.such an unusual

D.so an unusual

II.

名词的数

规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加

-s

或

-es

（参看有关语法书）

。英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，请

看下表

规

则

例

词

1

改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式

man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice

2

单复数相同

sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species

3

只有复数形式

ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents

知识在于积累、学习在于思考

3

4

一些集体名词总是用作复数

people, police, cattle, staff

5

部分集体名词既可以作单数

（整体）

也可以作复数

（成

员）

audience,

class,

family,

crowd,

couple,

group,

committee,

government,

population, crew, team, public, enemy, party

6

复数形式表示特别含义

customs(

海关

),

forces(

军队

),

times(

时代

),

spirits(

情绪

),

drinks(

饮料

),

sands(

沙滩

),

papers(

文件报纸

),

manners(

礼貌

),

looks(

外表

),

brains(

头脑

智力

), greens(

青菜

), ruins(

废墟

)

7

表示

“某国人”

加

-s

Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans

单复数同形

Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese

以

-man

或

-woman

结

尾

的

改

为

-men,-women

Englishmen, Frenchwomen

8

合成名词

将主体名词变为复数

sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends

无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数

grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches

将两部分变为复数

women singers, men servants

III.

主谓一致

规则

情

况

举

例

语

法

一

致

原

则

以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语，

动名词短语或从句作主

语时，

谓语动词一般用单数形式；

主语为复数时，

谓语动词

用复数形式。

His father is working on the farm.

To study English well is not easy.

Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

What he said is very important for us all.

由

what

引导的主语从句，

后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，

但若表语是复数或

what

从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构

时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。

what I bought were three English books.

What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.

由连接词

and

或

both

and

连接起来的主语后面，

要用复数

形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物

时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由

and

连接的并列单数

主

语

前

如

果

分

别

有

no,

each,

every

或

more

than

a

(an)/one,many

a

(an)

修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。

either, neither, each, every

或

no+

单数名词和由

some, any no,

every

构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。

.

Lucy and Lily are twins

The writer and artist has come.

Every student and every teach is in the classroom.

Many a boy and many a girl likes it.

No boy and no girl likes it.

Each of us has a new book.

Is everyone here today?

Somebody is speaking in class.

Everything around us is matter

若

none

of

后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单

数。若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可

以。

None of the sugar was left.

None of us has (have) been to America.

在定语从句里，关系代词

that, who, which

等作主语时，其

谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。

Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard.

He is one of my friends who are working hard.

He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard.

在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致

It is I who am going to the cinema tonight.

It is we who are going to the cinema tonight.

如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数形式；

如果它指的集体的成员，其谓语动词用复数形式

The police are looking for the lost child.

The cattle are eating grass in the field.

His family has moved to the south .(

他的一家

)

His family are watching TV.

（他的家人）

Class four is on the third floor.

（四班）

Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.

（四班的学生）

由

a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the

majority

of+

名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数

+

名词构

成的短语作主语时，

其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词

的数而定。

There are a lot of people in the classroom.

Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.

50 percent of the students in our class are girls.

此外，还有

a number of +

复数名词有类似的用法（用复数）

，但

the number of +

复数名词的数就得依

number

而定（用单数）

A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick

apples.

The number of pages in this book is three hundred.

在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致

There comes the bus.

On the wall are many pictures.

Such is the result.

Such are the facts.

Between the two hills stands a monument.

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第一问： a professor表示泛指你应该理解，headmaster意思是校长，校长只有一个，要修饰的话只能用zhe,或者不填，但是注意到of 的用法，如果of前后有两个the表示附属关系：如:the courage of the girls姑娘们的勇气；the lid of the box箱子的盖；校长属于特殊职位，校长和学校（学校性质是事业单位）并不是附属关系，所以，排除法，答案是：只能不填。或者参考第三问答案。

第二问：有一种强大的心理能力，a 表示泛指。attention, 如果用a , 怎么翻译？一种关注？得到了世界的一种关注？ 太扯了，其实只要语义通畅就基本不会错。其实为什么分可数名词不可数名词，就是为了不让你们瞎加冠词，但是可以少加（如冠词+不可数名词），这部分，老师会给你们强调的

第三问：1，不可数名词表示类指时，零冠词，比如:music can bring pleasure.

2，表示独一无二的职位时，零冠词，如：he ,head of group,will do the thing.

3,独立主和结构，零冠词，如，：he came ,book in hand

4,man ,word(表示新闻）,零冠词。

请采纳， 不要问我是谁，我的老师是赵灿！